But not only the "magic" that live picture there are important and basic components that all cameras have (no matter whether they are analog, digital, simple or complicated ...) these make it all happen, and knowing them will be much easier to control your equipment.
Let's follow the path that light travels upon entering the camera.
- Camera body: where are the sensor, the shutter button, the display and all fittings (for objects, flash and cables).
- Objective: It is nothing more nor less than the soul of the camera. Through the passage of light through the whole lens, light rays are oriented in an orderly manner to sensitize the photographic film, or sensor, and form the image!
- Diaphragm: The diaphragm is a photo frame that lies within all objectives, it has the role of controlling the amount of light passing through it.
- Shutter is a mechanical device that controls the amount of light hitting the sensor through a "curtain". When pressing the shutter, the shutter allows light to pass through and be captured by the digital sensor or film, for an adjustable time. The longer, more light will reach the sensitive element.
- Display: is the only part of the camera that we are responsible for the magic, lets you see the scene that we shoot, and varies with the type of camera. If we speak of an SLR, the viewfinder is a small window in which, through a series of lenses and mirrors placed strategically can see the scene exactly as it will be photographed, because the light rays are derived directly from the objective. In consumer cameras, and some SLR's LiveView mode, in which the sensor is responsible for the shot and show us in real time, the image on the camera LCD.
- Sensor: The sensor, as well as photographic film, is the place where it directs all the light collected by the lens, where light-sensitive pixels capture the scene.
How does an SLR camera
The operation of the cameras is very interesting.
Light rays pass through the objective, reflected in the movable mirror 45 - that lies behind the lens - and are reflected in a mirror pentaprism block by 2 points. The last block takes the mirror image to the display. The focus is formed on a screen unpolished, located in a horizontal position between the movable mirror and pentaprism block. This screen is positioned at the same distance from the sensor.
When pressed the trigger, a set of mechanisms moving in complete synchrony. The diaphragm closes the position pre-selected or calculated by the processor, if the camera is in automatic mode, the movable mirror rises, closing the passage of light to the display (so that there is a dimming of the display at the moment) and the shutter open during the preset time or calculated by the processor.
After completing the exposure, everything returns to the starting position!
The figure illustrates the operation of an SLR:
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